The Fetal Medicine Foundation (2024)

The estimated fetal weight from the measurements of HC, AC and FL is derived from the formula reported by: Hadlock FP, Harrist RB, Martinez-Poyer J. In utero analysis of fetal growth: a sonographic weight standard. Radiology 1991; 181: 129-133

The estimated fetal weight is plotted on the reference range for gestational age derived from the formula reported by: Nicolaides KH, Wright D, Syngelaki A, Wright A, Akolekar R. Fetal Medicine Foundation fetal and neonatal population weight charts. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018; doi:10.1002/uog.19073

Baschat AA, Galan HL, Bhide A, Berg C, Kush ML, et al. Doppler and biophysical assessment in growth restricted fetuses: distribution of test results. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2006;27:41-7.

Baschat AA, Gembruch U, Harman CR. The sequence of changes in Doppler and biophysical parameters as severe fetal growth restriction worsens. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001;18:571-7.

Bilardo CM, Hecher K, Visser GHA, Papageorghiou AT, Marlow N, et al. Severe fetal growth restriction at 26-32 weeks: key messages from the TRUFFLE study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;50:285-290.

Bilardo CM, Wolf H, Stigter RH, Ville Y, Baez E, Visser GH, Hecher K. Relationship between monitoring parameters and perinatal outcome in severe, early intrauterine growth restriction. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2004;23:119-25.

Boers KE, van Wyk L, van der Post JA, Kwee A, van Pampus MG, et al. Neonatal morbidity after induction vs expectant monitoring in intrauterine growth restriction at term: a subanalysis of the DIGITAT RCT. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012;206:344.e1-7.

Boers KE, Vijgen SM, Bijlenga D, van der Post JA, Bekedam DJ, et al. Induction versus expectant monitoring for intrauterine growth restriction at term: randomised equivalence trial (DIGITAT). BMJ 2010;341:c7087.

Caradeux J, Martinez-Portilla RJ, Basuki TR, Kiserud T, Figueras F. Risk of fetal death in growth-restricted fetuses with umbilical and/or ductus venosus absentor reversed end-diastolic velocities before 34 weeks of gestation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019;218:S774–S782.e21

Crimmins S, Desai A, Block-Abraham D, Berg C, Gembruch U, Baschat AA. A comparison of Doppler and biophysical findings between liveborn and stillborn growth-restricted fetuses. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014;211:669.e1-10.

Figueras F, Caradeux J, Crispi F, Eixarch E, Peguero A, Gratacos E. Diagnosis and surveillance of late-onset fetal growth restriction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018;218:S790-S802.e1

Figueras F, Gratacós E. Update on the diagnosis and classification of fetal growth restriction and proposal of a stage-based management protocol. Fetal Diagn Ther 2014;36:86-98.

Ganzevoort W, Mensing Van Charante N, Thilaganathan B, Prefumo F, et al. How to monitor pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction and delivery before 32 weeks: post-hoc analysis of TRUFFLE study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;49:769-777.

Hecher K, Bilardo CM, Stigter RH, Ville Y, Hackelöer BJ, Kok HJ, Senat MV, Visser GH. Monitoring of fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction: a longitudinal study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001;18:564-70.

Lees CC, Marlow N, van Wassenaer-Leemhuis A, Arabin B, Bilardo CM, et al. 2 year neurodevelopmental and intermediate perinatal outcomes in infants with very preterm fetal growth restriction (TRUFFLE): a randomised trial. Lancet 2015;385:2162-72.

Manning FA, Snijders R, Harman CR, Nicolaides K, Menticoglou S, Morrison I. Fetal biophysical profile score. VI. Correlation with antepartum umbilical venous fetal pH. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993;169:755-63.

McCowan LM, Figueras F, Anderson NH. Evidence-based national guidelines for the management of suspected fetal growth restriction: comparison, consensus, and controversy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018;218:S855-S868

Thornton JG, Hornbuckle J, Vail A, Spiegelhalter DJ, Levene M; GRIT study group. Infant wellbeing at 2 years of age in the Growth Restriction Intervention Trial (GRIT): multicentred randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2004;364:513-20.

Turan OM, Turan S, Berg C, Gembruch U, Nicolaides KH, Harman CR, Baschat AA. Duration of persistent abnormal ductus venosus flow and its impact on perinatal outcome in fetal growth restriction. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2011;38:295-302.

Turan OM, Turan S, Gungor S, Berg C, Moyano D, Gembruch U, Nicolaides KH, Harman CR, Baschat AA. Progression of Doppler abnormalities in intrauterine growth restriction. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2008;32:160-7.

Turan S, Turan OM, Berg C, Moyano D, Bhide A, et al. Computerized fetal heart rate analysis, Doppler ultrasound and biophysical profile score in the prediction of acid-base status of growth-restricted fetuses. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2007;30:750-6.

Visser GHA, Bilardo CM, Derks JB, Ferrazzi E, Fratelli N, et al. Fetal monitoring indications for delivery and 2-year outcome in 310 infants with fetal growth restriction delivered before 32 weeks' gestation in the TRUFFLE study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;50:347-352.

Wolf H, Arabin B, Lees CC, Oepkes D, Prefumo F, et al. Longitudinal study of computerized cardiotocography in early fetal growth restriction. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;50:71-78.

WHO recommendations on interventions to improve preterm birth outcomes, 2015; www.who.int

The Fetal Medicine Foundation (2024)
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